sci.physics.electromag

The essence, very essence of the Capacitor theory for
superconductivity is that the old physics thought the world
had only one type of current where they thought DC and AC currents
were one and the same and the one and
only one type of current throughout the Cosmos.

Halliday and Resnick in their excellent book "Fundamentals of
Physics", 3rd edition, 1988, defines Current
on page 641 as:
--- quoting Fundamentals of Physics ---
The amount of charge dq that passes through a hypothetical plane, such
as xx, is proportional to the length
of time dt required for all the charge dq to pass through that plane.
The proportionality constant is the current
i; therefore,

dq = i dt (definition of current)

--- end quoting H & R Fundamentals of Physics ---

Now that definition of current probably satisfies the DC and AC
currents in physics, but however, the
concept of a Capacitor Current is altogether different from DC and AC
currents and what Halliday
and Resnick define in their 1988 textbook.

So the essence of Superconductivity is that it is a different current
from the old physics of DC and AC.

And to give a good analogy I refer the reader to Newton's cradle or
called Newton's balls:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_balls

If you pull one ball at one end the ball at the other end moves. This
is an analogy to DC current. If you
pull a ball at one end and then a ball at the other end, would be an
analogy to AC current. Or another
analogy is if you had a line of humans and added one more at one end
would force the person at the
other end to move forward by one. For AC, if you add one at one end,
the person at the other would
have to move forward, but alternating with the line turning 180
degrees and the addition of a new person
at the other end would force the other end to move forward.

But this new current of Capacitor Current does not follow any of those
analogies. What we have here is
a current that exists where the atoms in an experiment have their
electrons raised to a higher orbital
and then discharged, that is electron motion, back to ground state
orbitals. So in a Capacitor Current
the electrons move at almost the speed of light and where they
experience NO Resistance because they
are simply in an extended higher orbital from ground state.

So Superconductivity is merely the recognition that physics has at
least a third type of current called
a Capacitor Current. This Capacitor Current can be seen in Lightning
bolt strikes or on Wimshurst and
Van de Graaff generators and in superconductors. Superconductors are
merely very fancy capacitors.
And the flow of electrons in these capacitors is the flow of electrons
in a higher energy orbital back down
to a lower energy orbital or ground state orbital.

If you examine the entire literature of experiments on
superconductors, you will easily notice that
superconductors are capacitors, with their 3rd dimensional layering
and their doping and parallel planes.
And the reason that cold temperatures are vital is because the
geometry depends on temperature
to form capacitance.

And the reason these superconductors have No Resistance is that all
the atoms are positive nuclei
that have their electrons in a higher energy orbital and once
discharged -- the current flows -- and because
the electrons are in orbit means no friction and no resistance.

Now whether these means the Maxwell Equations have to be revised to
take into account that physics
has at least three different types of currents, is probably true. When
the Maxwell Equations were written
in 1860s, the world of physics at that time thought one current exists
in the Cosmos. But now here in
2008, recognizing that Superconductivity equals Capacitor Current,
that the Maxwell Equations have to
be modified to accommodate this new type of current. I am not going to
focus my mind at that
revision for I already have too much on my plate at the moment.

Archimedes Plutonium
www.iw.net/~a_plutonium
whole entire Universe is just one big atom
where dots of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies